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    仰望者!:Maven仓库理解、如何引入本地包、Maven多种方式打可执

    作者:[db:作者] 时间:2021-09-17 18:15

    有关MAVEN仓库的理解参见:http://blog.csdn.net/wanghantong/article/details/36427433

    MAVEN依赖关系中Scope的作用

    Dependency Scope 在POM 4中,<dependency>中还引入了<scope>,它主要管理依赖的部署。目前依赖项的作用域<scope>可以使用5个值:  
    在定义项目的依赖项的时候,我们可以通过scope来指定该依赖项的作用范围。scope的取值有compile、runtime、test、provided、system和import。
    compile:这是依赖项的默认作用范围,即当没有指定依赖项的scope时默认使用compile。compile范围内的依赖项在所有情况下都是有效的,包括运行、测试和编译时。
    runtime:表示该依赖项只有在运行时才是需要的,在编译的时候不需要。这种类型的依赖项将在运行和test的类路径下可以访问。
    test:表示该依赖项只对测试时有用,包括测试代码的编译和运行,对于正常的项目运行是没有影响的。
    provided:表示该依赖项将由JDK或者运行容器在运行时提供,也就是说由Maven提供的该依赖项我们只有在编译和测试时才会用到,而在运行时将由JDK或者运行容器提供。
    system:当scope为system时,表示该依赖项是我们自己提供的,不需要Maven到仓库里面去找。指定scope为system需要与另一个属性元素systemPath一起使用,它表示该依赖项在当前系统的位置,使用的是绝对路径。

    ?

    POM文件里面可以引用一些内置属性(Maven预定义可以直接使用)
    
    ${basedir} 项目根目录 
    ${version}表示项目版本;
    ${project.basedir}同${basedir};
    ${project.version}表示项目版本,与${version}相同;
    ${project.build.directory} 构建目录,缺省为target
    ${project.build.sourceEncoding}表示主源码的编码格式;
    ${project.build.sourceDirectory}表示主源码路径;
    ${project.build.finalName}表示输出文件名称;
    ${project.build.outputDirectory} 构建过程输出目录,缺省为target/classes

    ?

    如何在Maven项目中引入本地包呢?

    比如我从其它项目打一个jar包,引入到现有项目中。

    方法一:将待引入的包放在目录下如lib目录下,修改pom文件,加入依赖并且scope要设置为system

    ?

      <dependencies>
      	<dependency>
      		<groupId>com.fbcds</groupId>
      		<artifactId>fbcds</artifactId>
      		<version>1.0</version>
      		<scope>system</scope>
      		<systemPath>${project.basedir}/lib/fbcds.jar</systemPath>
      	</dependency>
      </dependencies>

    ?


    ?上面设置完成后,运行mvn package命令执行成功。但打出来的包里面不包含lib目录和fbcds.jar这个引用的包,即打出来的包不是可执行的jar。所以个人开发的话可以使用这种方式,如果团队开发请使用方法二。

    ?

    方法二:将待引入的jar包安装到本地repository中

    1、先把待引入的jar包放在一个目录下,需要改一下包名,如fbcds.jar修改成fbcds-1.0.jar,如F:\lib目录,在命令行CD到lib目录,执行以下命令:

    	mvn install:install-file -Dfile=fbcds-1.0.jar -DgroupId=fbcds -DartifactId=fbcds -Dversion=1.0 -Dpackaging=jar
    	mvn install:install-file -Dfile=ojdbc7-1.0.jar -DgroupId=ojdbc7 -DartifactId=ojdbc7 -Dversion=1.0 -Dpackaging=jar

    ?2、修改项目pom文件加入包对应的依赖

    ?

    <dependencies>
      	<dependency>
          <groupId>log4j</groupId>
          <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
          <version>1.2.17</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
          <groupId>fbcds</groupId>
          <artifactId>fbcds</artifactId>
          <version>1.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency> 
          <groupId>ojdbc7</groupId>
          <artifactId>ojdbc7</artifactId>
          <version>1.0</version> 
        </dependency>
      </dependencies>

    ?上面的fbcds和ojdbc7就是新加的引用包的依赖。

    ?完成后,在本地仓库可看到对应的文件夹内容:



    ?

    MAVEN如何打可执行的JAR包

    前提条件:已成功将待引入的jar包安装到本地repository中

    方法一、使用maven-shade-plugin插件打可执行的jar包

    插件查找链接:http://maven.apache.org/plugins/

    1、测试类代码

    ?

    package com.lwf.test;
    
    import java.sql.Connection;
    import java.sql.DriverManager;
    import java.sql.ResultSet;
    import java.sql.SQLException;
    import java.sql.Statement;
    
    import com.eclink.fbcis.store.StoreDao;
    
    public class TestClass {
    	public static void main(String[] args) {
    		StoreDao a = new StoreDao();
    		System.out.println("------" + a.toString());
    		Connection con = null;
    		Statement st = null;
    		ResultSet rs = null;
    		try {
    			String sql = "select * from temp_head where temp_no='C530015I19008015'";
    			Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");
    			con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@//10.101.2.19:1521/pdbqmytcis","qmytcis","qmytcis123");
    			st = con.createStatement();
    			rs = st.executeQuery(sql);
    			if(rs.next()){
    				System.out.println(rs.getString("temp_no"));
    			}
    			
    		} catch (Exception e) {
    			e.printStackTrace();
    		} finally{
    			try {
    				rs.close();
    				st.close();
    				con.close();
    			} catch (SQLException e) {
    				e.printStackTrace();
    			}
    		}
    	}
    }
    

    ?上面类中引用到了fbcds和ojdbc7包的内容。

    2、对应pom文件

    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
      <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
      <groupId>222</groupId>
      <artifactId>222</artifactId>
      <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
      <name>222</name>
      <dependencies>
      	<dependency>
          <groupId>log4j</groupId>
          <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
          <version>1.2.17</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
          <groupId>fbcds</groupId>
          <artifactId>fbcds</artifactId>
          <version>1.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency> 
          <groupId>ojdbc7</groupId>
          <artifactId>ojdbc7</artifactId>
          <version>1.0</version> 
        </dependency>
      </dependencies>
    	<build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                    <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.4.3</version>
                    <executions>
                        <execution>
                            <phase>package</phase>
                            <goals>
                                <goal>shade</goal>
                            </goals>
                            <configuration>
                                <transformers>
                                    <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer">
                                        <mainClass>com.lwf.test.TestClass</mainClass>
                                    </transformer>
                                </transformers>
                            </configuration>
                        </execution>
                    </executions>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    
    </project>

    ?在eclipse中右键项目run as 选择Maven package,可看打包的target目录内容:



    ?比较两个包内容:



    ?执行包:cmd下



    ?original-MavenPackage-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar中没有主清单属性是执行不了的。

    ?参见:http://www.mkyong.com/maven/create-a-fat-jar-file-maven-shade-plugin/

    方法二、使用maven-assembly-plugin插件打可执行的jar包

    测试类与方法一中一样,只是pom不一样,pom文件如下:

    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
      <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
      <groupId>com.lwf.MavenPackage</groupId>
      <artifactId>MavenPackage</artifactId>
      <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
      <name>MavenPackage</name>
      <dependencies>
      	<dependency>
          <groupId>log4j</groupId>
          <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
          <version>1.2.17</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
          <groupId>fbcds</groupId>
          <artifactId>fbcds</artifactId>
          <version>1.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency> 
          <groupId>ojdbc7</groupId>
          <artifactId>ojdbc7</artifactId>
          <version>1.0</version> 
        </dependency>
      </dependencies>
    	<build>
            <plugins>
    <!-- 使用 maven-shade-plugin插件打可执行包-->
    <!-- 
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                    <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.4.3</version>
                    <executions>
                        <execution>
                            <phase>package</phase>
                            <goals>
                                <goal>shade</goal>
                            </goals>
                            <configuration>
                                <transformers>
                                    <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer">
                                        <mainClass>com.lwf.test.TestClass</mainClass>
                                    </transformer>
                                </transformers>
                            </configuration>
                        </execution>
                    </executions>
                </plugin>
    -->             
    
    <!-- 使用 maven-Assembly-plugin插件打可执行包-->
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                    <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.6</version>
                    <configuration>
                        <!-- get all project dependencies -->
                        <descriptorRefs>
                            <descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>
                        </descriptorRefs>
                        <!-- MainClass in mainfest make a executable jar -->
                        <archive>
                          <manifest>
                            <mainClass>com.lwf.test.TestClass</mainClass>
                          </manifest>
                        </archive>
                    </configuration>
                    <executions>
                      <execution>
                        <id>make-assembly</id>
                        <phase>package</phase> 
                        <goals>
                            <goal>single</goal>
                        </goals>
                      </execution>
                    </executions>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    
    </project>

    ?修改完pom后,在eclipse中右键项目run as 选择Maven package,可看打包的target目录内容:



    ?两个jar文件比较:



    ?



    ?

    ?参见:http://www.mkyong.com/maven/create-a-fat-jar-file-maven-assembly-plugin/

    方法三、使用onejar-maven-plugin插件打可执行的jar包

    测试类与方法一中一样,只是pom不一样,pom文件如下:

    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
      <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
      <groupId>com.lwf.MavenPackage</groupId>
      <artifactId>MavenPackage</artifactId>
      <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
      <name>MavenPackage</name>
      <dependencies>
      	<dependency>
          <groupId>log4j</groupId>
          <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
          <version>1.2.17</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
          <groupId>fbcds</groupId>
          <artifactId>fbcds</artifactId>
          <version>1.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency> 
          <groupId>ojdbc7</groupId>
          <artifactId>ojdbc7</artifactId>
          <version>1.0</version> 
        </dependency>
      </dependencies>
    	<build>
            <plugins>
    <!-- 使用 maven-shade-plugin插件打可执行包-->
    <!-- 
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                    <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.4.3</version>
                    <executions>
                        <execution>
                            <phase>package</phase>
                            <goals>
                                <goal>shade</goal>
                            </goals>
                            <configuration>
                                <transformers>
                                    <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer">
                                        <mainClass>com.lwf.test.TestClass</mainClass>
                                    </transformer>
                                </transformers>
                            </configuration>
                        </execution>
                    </executions>
                </plugin>
    -->             
    
    <!-- 使用 maven-Assembly-plugin插件打可执行包-->
    <!-- 
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                    <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.6</version>
                    <configuration>
                        <descriptorRefs>
                            <descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>
                        </descriptorRefs>
                        <archive>
                          <manifest>
                            <mainClass>com.lwf.test.TestClass</mainClass>
                          </manifest>
                        </archive>
                    </configuration>
                    <executions>
                      <execution>
                        <id>make-assembly</id>
                        <phase>package</phase> 
                        <goals>
                            <goal>single</goal>
                        </goals>
                      </execution>
                    </executions>
                </plugin>
    -->                 
    			<!-- 使用 onejar-maven-plugin插件打可执行包-->
    			<plugin>
                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                    <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
                    <configuration>
                        <archive>
                            <manifest>
                                <mainClass>com.lwf.test.TestClass</mainClass>
                            </manifest>
                        </archive>
                    </configuration>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>com.jolira</groupId>
                    <artifactId>onejar-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>1.4.4</version>
                    <executions>
                        <execution>
                            <configuration>
                                <attachToBuild>true</attachToBuild>
                                <classifier>onejar</classifier>
                            </configuration>
                            <goals>
                                <goal>one-jar</goal>
                            </goals>
                        </execution>
                    </executions>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    </project>

    打包截图如下:




    ?

    ?
    ?

    参见:http://www.mkyong.com/maven/maven-create-a-fat-jar-file-one-jar-example/

    上文中因googlecode中已没有onejar-maven-plugin所以另请参见下文:

    http://my.oschina.net/noahxiao/blog/78241

    方法四:使用maven-jar-plugin和maven-dependency-plugin打可执行包,引用的包放包外面文件夹下

    其他不变,pom文件如下

    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
      <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
      <groupId>com.lwf.MavenPackage</groupId>
      <artifactId>MavenPackage</artifactId>
      <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
      <name>MavenPackage</name>
      <dependencies>
      	<dependency>
          <groupId>log4j</groupId>
          <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
          <version>1.2.17</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
          <groupId>fbcds</groupId>
          <artifactId>fbcds</artifactId>
          <version>1.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency> 
          <groupId>ojdbc7</groupId>
          <artifactId>ojdbc7</artifactId>
          <version>1.0</version> 
        </dependency>
      </dependencies>
    	<build>
            <plugins>
    <!-- 方法一:使用 maven-shade-plugin插件打可执行包-->
    <!-- 
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                    <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.4.3</version>
                    <executions>
                        <execution>
                            <phase>package</phase>
                            <goals>
                                <goal>shade</goal>
                            </goals>
                            <configuration>
                                <transformers>
                                    <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer">
                                        <mainClass>com.lwf.test.TestClass</mainClass>
                                    </transformer>
                                </transformers>
                            </configuration>
                        </execution>
                    </executions>
                </plugin>
    -->             
    
    <!-- 方法二:使用 maven-Assembly-plugin插件打可执行包-->
    <!-- 
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                    <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.6</version>
                    <configuration>
                        <descriptorRefs>
                            <descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>
                        </descriptorRefs>
                        <archive>
                          <manifest>
                            <mainClass>com.lwf.test.TestClass</mainClass>
                          </manifest>
                        </archive>
                    </configuration>
                    <executions>
                      <execution>
                        <id>make-assembly</id>
                        <phase>package</phase> 
                        <goals>
                            <goal>single</goal>
                        </goals>
                      </execution>
                    </executions>
                </plugin>
    -->      
               
    <!-- 方法三:使用 onejar-maven-plugin插件打可执行包-->
    <!--  		
    			<plugin>
                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                    <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
                    <configuration>
                        <archive>
                            <manifest>
                                <mainClass>com.lwf.test.TestClass</mainClass>
                            </manifest>
                        </archive>
                    </configuration>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>com.jolira</groupId>
                    <artifactId>onejar-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>1.4.4</version>
                    <executions>
                        <execution>
                            <configuration>
                                <attachToBuild>true</attachToBuild>
                                <classifier>onejar</classifier>
                            </configuration>
                            <goals>
                                <goal>one-jar</goal>
                            </goals>
                        </execution>
                    </executions>
                </plugin>
                
    	 -->        
    	    
    <!-- 方法四:使用maven-jar-plugin和maven-dependency-plugin打可执行包,引用的包放包外面文件夹下 -->
    			<plugin>
    				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    				<artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
    				<configuration>
    				  <excludes>
    					<exclude>**/log4j.properties</exclude>
    				  </excludes>
    				  <archive>
    				    <manifest>
    					<addClasspath>true</addClasspath>
    					<mainClass>com.lwf.test.TestClass</mainClass>
    					<classpathPrefix>lib/</classpathPrefix>
    				    </manifest>
    				  </archive>
    				</configuration>
    			</plugin>
    
    			<!-- Copy project dependency -->
    			<plugin>
    				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    				<artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
    				<version>2.5.1</version>
    				<executions>
    				  <execution>
    					<id>copy-dependencies</id>
    					<phase>package</phase>
    					<goals>
    						<goal>copy-dependencies</goal>
    					</goals>
    					<configuration>
    					  <!-- exclude junit, we need runtime dependency only -->
    					  <includeScope>runtime</includeScope>
    					  <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/lib/</outputDirectory>
    					</configuration>
    				  </execution>
    				</executions>
    			</plugin>            
            </plugins>
        </build>
    </project>

    ?



    可以看到依赖的包拷贝到了lib目录下,打的包里没有依赖包的信息,只是简单的包,不过Manifest文件class-path要包含引用名的路径

    Manifest-Version: 1.0
    Built-By: lweifeng
    Build-Jdk: 1.7.0_17
    Class-Path: lib/log4j-1.2.17.jar lib/fbcds-1.0.jar lib/ojdbc7-1.0.jar
    Created-By: Apache Maven 3.3.9
    Main-Class: com.lwf.test.TestClass
    Archiver-Version: Plexus Archiver
    

    ?
    ?在以上前三种插件打包方式中,maven-shade-plugin和maven-assembly-plugin采取的是将依赖包解压再一并打到新包中,这样依赖包可能存在冲突的时候,导致运行时可能出现未知问题,而onejar-maven-plugin打包是将依赖包自动归入lib目录,不解压原包,相当于在原包基础上加壳,这样可以避免冲突的发生。第四种方法即是我们原来ant打包所使用的方法。

    cs