# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import xlrdimport xlwt
from datetime import date,datetime

def read_excel():
    # 打开文件
    workbook = xlrd.open_workbook(r'F:\demo.xlsx')
    # 获取所有sheet
    print workbook.sheet_names() # [u'sheet1', u'sheet2']
    sheet2_name = workbook.sheet_names()[1]

    # 根据sheet索引或者名称获取sheet内容
    sheet2 = workbook.sheet_by_index(1) # sheet索引从0开始
    sheet2 = workbook.sheet_by_name('sheet2')

    # sheet的名称，行数，列数
    print sheet2.name,sheet2.nrows,sheet2.ncols

    # 获取整行和整列的值（数组）
    rows = sheet2.row_values(3) # 获取第四行内容
    cols = sheet2.col_values(2) # 获取第三列内容
    print rows
    print cols

    # 获取单元格内容
    print sheet2.cell(1,0).value.encode('utf-8')
    print sheet2.cell_value(1,0).encode('utf-8')
    print sheet2.row(1)[0].value.encode('utf-8')
    
    # 获取单元格内容的数据类型
    print sheet2.cell(1,0).ctype

if __name__ == '__main__':
    read_excel()

5、数据分析：numpy

NumPy 包含大量的各种数学运算的函数，包括三角函数，算术运算的函数，复数处理函数等。

NumPy 提供了多种排序的方法。 这些排序函数实现不同的排序算法，每个排序算法的特征在于执行速度，最坏情况性能，所需的工作空间和算法的稳定性。 下表显示了三种排序算法的比较。

三角函数

NumPy 提供了标准的三角函数：sin()、cos()、tan()。

import numpy as np
 
a = np.array([0,30,45,60,90])
print ('不同角度的正弦值：')
# 通过乘 pi/180 转化为弧度  
print (np.sin(a*np.pi/180))
print ('\n')
print ('数组中角度的余弦值：')
print (np.cos(a*np.pi/180))
print ('\n')
print ('数组中角度的正切值：')
print (np.tan(a*np.pi/180))

import numpy as np 
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt 
 
x = np.arange(1,11) 
y =  2  * x +  5 
plt.title("Matplotlib demo") 
plt.xlabel("x axis caption") 
plt.ylabel("y axis caption") 
plt.plot(x,y) 
plt.show()

import os
from PIL import Image

image_path = 'python-logo.png'  # 图片位置
size = (128, 128)  # 文件大小
f, e = os.path.splitext(image_path)  # 获取文件名与后缀
outfile = f + ".thumbnail"
if image_path != outfile:
    try:
        im = Image.open(image_path)
        im.thumbnail(size)  # 设置缩略图大小
        im.save(outfile, "JPEG")
    except IOError:
        print("cannot convert", image_path)

from PIL import Image


def roll(image, delta):
    """ 向侧面滚动图像 """
    xsize, ysize = image.size

    delta = delta % xsize
    if delta == 0: return image

    part1 = image.crop((0, 0, delta, ysize))
    part2 = image.crop((delta, 0, xsize, ysize))
    image.paste(part1, (xsize - delta, 0, xsize, ysize))
    image.paste(part2, (0, 0, xsize - delta, ysize))

    return image


if __name__ == '__main__':
    image_path = 'test.jpg'
    im = Image.open(image_path)
    roll(im, 300).show()  # 向侧面滚动 300 像素

import pygame

pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((400, 500))
done = False

while not done:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            done = True
    pygame.display.flip()

>>> import os
>>> os.getcwd()      # 返回当前的工作目录
'C:\\Python34'
>>> os.chdir('/server/accesslogs')   # 修改当前的工作目录
>>> os.system('mkdir today')   # 执行系统命令 mkdir 
0

>>> import glob
>>> glob.glob('*.py')
['primes.py', 'random.py', 'quote.py']

>>> import sys
>>> print(sys.argv)
['demo.py', 'one', 'two', 'three']

>>> 'tea for too'.replace('too', 'two')
'tea for two'

re.match(pattern, string, flags=0)

>>> import math
>>> math.cos(math.pi / 4)
0.70710678118654757
>>> math.log(1024, 2)
10.0

import smtplib
smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP( [host [, port [, local_hostname]]] )

SMTP.sendmail(from_addr, to_addrs, msg[, mail_options, rcpt_options])

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
?
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.header import Header
?
sender = 'from@runoob.com'
receivers = ['429240967@qq.com'] ?# 接收邮件，可设置为你的QQ邮箱或者其他邮箱
?
# 三个参数：第一个为文本内容，第二个 plain 设置文本格式，第三个 utf-8 设置编码
message = MIMEText('Python 邮件发送测试...', 'plain', 'utf-8')
message['From'] = Header("菜鸟教程", 'utf-8') ? # 发送者
message['To'] = ?Header("测试", 'utf-8') ? ? ? ?# 接收者
?
subject = 'Python SMTP 邮件测试'
message['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')
?
?
try:
? ? smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP('localhost')
? ? smtpObj.sendmail(sender, receivers, message.as_string())
? ? print "邮件发送成功"
except smtplib.SMTPException:
? ? print "Error: 无法发送邮件"

>>> # dates are easily constructed and formatted
>>> from datetime import date
>>> now = date.today()
>>> now
datetime.date(2003, 12, 2)
>>> now.strftime("%m-%d-%y. %d %b %Y is a %A on the %d day of %B.")
'12-02-03. 02 Dec 2003 is a Tuesday on the 02 day of December.'

>>> string = '2014-01-08 11:59:58'
>>> time1 = datetime.datetime.strptime(string,'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
>>> print time1
2014-01-08 11:59:58

>>> time1_str = datetime.datetime.strftime(time1,'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
>>> time1_str
'2014-01-08 11:59:58'

>>>time1 = time.localtime()
>>>time1_str = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(time1)

>>> import zlib
>>> s = b'witch which has which witches wrist watch'
>>> len(s)
41
>>> t = zlib.compress(s)
>>> len(t)
37
>>> zlib.decompress(t)
b'witch which has which witches wrist watch'
>>> zlib.crc32(s)
226805979

>>> from timeit import Timer
>>> Timer('t=a; a=b; b=t', 'a=1; b=2').timeit()
0.57535828626024577
>>> Timer('a,b = b,a', 'a=1; b=2').timeit()
0.54962537085770791

def average(values):
    """Computes the arithmetic mean of a list of numbers.

    >>> print(average([20, 30, 70]))
    40.0
    """
    return sum(values) / len(values)

import doctest
doctest.testmod()   # 自动验证嵌入测试