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Docker学习路线传送门：
Docker学习之路01：Docker的安装
Docker学习之路02：阿里云镜像加速器
Docker学习之路03：Docker的常用命令
Docker学习之路04：创建定制Nginx镜像
Docker学习之路05：五分钟用docker compose搭建一个自己的个人博客网站！
Docker学习之路06：基于 Docker 在Ubuntu系统部署Hadoop、Hbase以及Spark
docker version # 显示docker的版本信息
docker info # 显示docker的系统版本，包括镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令 --help # 帮助命令
Docker官方帮助文档地址：https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/
docker images 查看所有本地的主机上的镜像
[root@master /]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 14 months ago 13.3kB
# 解释
REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库源
TAG 镜像的标签
IMAGE ID 镜像的ID
CREATED 镜像的创建时间
SIZE 镜像的大小
# 可选项
-a, --all # 列出所有的镜像
-q, --quiet # 只显示镜像的ID
docker search搜索镜像
[root@master /]# docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 10612 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 3979 [OK]
# 可选项 通过搜藏来过滤
--filter=STARS=3000
[root@master /]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 10612 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 3979 [OK]
[root@master /]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=5000
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 10612 [OK]
docker pull 下载镜像
# 下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
[root@master /]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest # 如果不写 tag，默认就是 lastest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
a076a628af6f: Pull complete #分层下载，docker image的核心 联合文件系统
f6c208f3f991: Pull complete
88a9455a9165: Pull complete
406c9b8427c6: Pull complete
7c88599c0b25: Pull complete
25b5c6debdaf: Pull complete
43a5816f1617: Pull complete
1a8c919e89bf: Pull complete
9f3cf4bd1a07: Pull complete
80539cea118d: Pull complete
201b3cad54ce: Pull complete
944ba37e1c06: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:feada149cb8ff54eade1336da7c1d080c4a1c7ed82b5e320efb5beebed85ae8c
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest #真实地址
# 等价于它
docker pull mysql
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest
# 指定版本下载
[root@master /]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
a076a628af6f: Already exists
f6c208f3f991: Already exists
88a9455a9165: Already exists
406c9b8427c6: Already exists
7c88599c0b25: Already exists
25b5c6debdaf: Already exists
43a5816f1617: Already exists
1831ac1245f4: Pull complete
37677b8c1f79: Pull complete
27e4ac3b0f6e: Pull complete
7227baa8c445: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:b3d1eff023f698cd433695c9506171f0d08a8f92a0c8063c1a4d9db9a55808df
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7
docker rmi 删除镜像
[root@master /]# docker rmi -f 容器ID #删除一个镜像
[root@master /]# docker rmi -f 容器ID 容器ID 容器ID #删除多个镜像
[root@master /]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) #删除所有镜像
说明：我们有了镜像才可以创建容器，我们都学了linux，所以我们下载一个centos镜像来测试学习。
[root@master /]# docker pull centos
新建容器并启动
docker run [可选参数] image
# 参数说明
--name="Name" 容器名字 tomcat01 tomcat02，用来区分容器
-d 后台方式运行
-it 使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p
-p ip:主机端口：容器端口
-p 主机端口：容器端口 （常用）
-p 容器端口
-P 随机指定端口
# 测试、启动并进入容器
[root@master /]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@475a614ebdad /]# ls
bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var
dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr
# 从容器中退回主机
[root@475a614ebdad /]# exit
exit
[root@master /]# ls
bin dev home lib64 mnt proc run srv tmp var
boot etc lib media opt root sbin sys usr
列出所有运行的容器
# docker ps 命令
# 列出当期正在运行的容器
-a # 列出当前正在运行的容器+带出历史运行过的容器
-n=[数字参数] # 显示最近创建的容器
-q # 只显示容器的编号
[root@master /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@master /]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
475a614ebdad centos "/bin/bash" 5 minutes ago Exited (0) 4 minutes ago unruffled_spence
8681d760a302 hello-world "/hello" 14 minutes ago Exited (0) 13 minutes ago strange_carver
9eed05d63c0c hello-world "/hello" 58 minutes ago Exited (0) 58 minutes ago sharp_kapitsa
fd0aa343c2f7 hello-world "/hello" 2 weeks ago Exited (0) 2 weeks ago pedantic_babbage
[root@master /]# docker ps -n=1
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
475a614ebdad centos "/bin/bash" 5 minutes ago Exited (0) 4 minutes ago unruffled_spence
退出容器
exit # 容器直接停止并退出
Ctrl + P + Q #容器不停止退出
删除容器
docker rm 容器id # 删除指定的容器，不能删除正在运行的容器，如果要强制删除 rm -f
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) # 删除所有的容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm # 删除所有的容器
启动和停止容器的操作
docker start 容器id # 启动容器
docker restart 容器id # 重启容器
docker stop 容器id # 停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器id # 强制停止当前的容器
后台启动容器
# 命令 docker run -d 镜像名
[root@master /]# docker run -d centos
# 问题docker ps ，发现 centos 停止了
# 常见的坑，docker 容器使用后台运行，就必须要有一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止
# nginx，容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立刻停止，就是没有程序了
查看日志
docker logs -f -t --tail 容器
# 自己编写一段shell脚本
[root@master /]# docker run -d centos /bin/bash -c "while true;do echo JohnZhuang;sleep 1;done"
a25fce1505e3e32c645f7990d0805fa6dff4a73d3cf8bff2f77fb78242b6a544
# 查看镜像
[root@master /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
a25fce1505e3 centos "/bin/bash -c 'while…" 6 seconds ago Up 5 seconds adoring_brahmagupta
# 显示日志
-tf # 查看日志
--tail [数字参数] # 要显示日志的条数
[root@master /]# docker logs -f -t --tail 10 a25fce1505e3
2021-03-15T14:31:33.070462470Z JohnZhuang
2021-03-15T14:31:34.079385974Z JohnZhuang
查看容器中进程信息
[root@master /]# docker top a25fce1505e3
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 5990 5970 0 22:31 ? 00:00:00 /bin/bash -c while true;do echo JohnZhuang;sleep 1;done
root 6450 5990 0 22:36 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
查看镜像的元数据
# 命令
[root@master /]# docker inspect a25fce1505e3
# 源数据
[
{
"Id": "a25fce1505e3e32c645f7990d0805fa6dff4a73d3cf8bff2f77fb78242b6a544",
"Created": "2021-03-15T14:31:03.029169298Z",
"Path": "/bin/bash",
"Args": [
"-c",
"while true;do echo JohnZhuang;sleep 1;done"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 5990,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2021-03-15T14:31:03.88679139Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a25fce1505e3e32c645f7990d0805fa6dff4a73d3cf8bff2f77fb78242b6a544/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a25fce1505e3e32c645f7990d0805fa6dff4a73d3cf8bff2f77fb78242b6a544/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a25fce1505e3e32c645f7990d0805fa6dff4a73d3cf8bff2f77fb78242b6a544/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a25fce1505e3e32c645f7990d0805fa6dff4a73d3cf8bff2f77fb78242b6a544/a25fce1505e3e32c645f7990d0805fa6dff4a73d3cf8bff2f77fb78242b6a544-json.log",
"Name": "/adoring_brahmagupta",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths"
