一、准备工作

第一步：在d盘git test目录下，新建工作区根目录demo，进入该目录后，执行git init创建版本库。

DH207891+OuyangPeng@DH207891 MINGW32 /d/git test
$ mkdir demo

DH207891+OuyangPeng@DH207891 MINGW32 /d/git test
$ cd demo/

DH207891+OuyangPeng@DH207891 MINGW32 /d/git test/demo
$ git init
Initialized empty Git repository in D:/git test/demo/.git/

第二步：在工作区中创建一个welcom.txt文件，内容就是“hello .”，然后将该文件加入到git版本库中。

DH207891+OuyangPeng@DH207891 MINGW32 /d/git test/demo (master)
$ echo "hello ." > welcome.txt

DH207891+OuyangPeng@DH207891 MINGW32 /d/git test/demo (master)
$ ll
total 1
-rw-r--r-- 1 DH207891+OuyangPeng 197609 8 6月  13 08:45 welcome.txt

DH207891+OuyangPeng@DH207891 MINGW32 /d/git test/demo (master)
$ git add welcome.txt
warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in welcome.txt.
The file will have its original line endings in your working directory.

DH207891+OuyangPeng@DH207891 MINGW32 /d/git test/demo (master)
$ git st
On branch master

Initial commit

Changes to be committed:
  (use "git rm --cached <file>..." to unstage)

        new file:   welcome.txt


DH207891+OuyangPeng@DH207891 MINGW32 /d/git test/demo (master)
$ git ci -m "Initialized"
[master (root-commit) 89c9fa6] Initialized
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
 create mode 100644 welcome.txt

DH207891+OuyangPeng@DH207891 MINGW32 /d/git test/demo (master)
$ git log
commit 89c9fa626e7d56c686e904ba34b8e21e9aaf43d8
Author: ouyangpeng <oypcz@foxmail.com>
Date:   Tue Jun 13 08:46:17 2017 +0800

    Initialized

第三步：在工作区中建立目录 a/b/c，进入到该目录中。

DH207891+OuyangPeng@DH207891 MINGW32 /d/git test/demo (master)
$ mkdir -p a/b/c

DH207891+OuyangPeng@DH207891 MINGW32 /d/git test/demo (master)
$ cd a/b/c/

DH207891+OuyangPeng@DH207891 MINGW32 /d/git test/demo/a/b/c (master)
$ pwd
/d/git test/demo/a/b/c

二、 git rev-parse 命令

git rev-parse –git-dir

显示版本库.git命令所在的位置，执行命令 git rev-parse --git-dir

DH207891+OuyangPeng@DH207891 MINGW32 /d/git test/demo/a/b/c (master)
$ git rev-parse --git-dir
D:/git test/demo/.git

git rev-parse –show-toplevel

显示工作区根目录，执行命令 git rev-parse --show-toplevel

DH207891+OuyangPeng@DH207891 MINGW32 /d/git test/demo/a/b/c (master)
$ git rev-parse --show-toplevel
D:/git test/demo

git rev-parse –show-prefix

显示相对于工作区根目录的相对路径，执行命令 git rev-parse --show-prefix

DH207891+OuyangPeng@DH207891 MINGW32 /d/git test/demo/a/b/c (master)
$ git rev-parse --show-prefix
a/b/c/

git rev-parse –show-cdup

显示从当前目录(cd)后退(up)到工作区的根目录的深度，执行命令 git rev-parse --show-cdup

DH207891+OuyangPeng@DH207891 MINGW32 /d/git test/demo/a/b/c (master)
$ git rev-parse --show-cdup
../../../

git rev-parse –local-env-vars

显示git环境变量列表的本地库,只列出变量的名称，而不是它们的值。执行命令git rev-parse --local-env-vars

DH207891+OuyangPeng@DH207891 MINGW32 /d/git test/demo/a/b/c (master)
$ git rev-parse --local-env-vars
GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES
GIT_CONFIG
GIT_CONFIG_PARAMETERS
GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY
GIT_DIR
GIT_WORK_TREE
GIT_IMPLICIT_WORK_TREE
GIT_GRAFT_FILE
GIT_INDEX_FILE
GIT_NO_REPLACE_OBJECTS
GIT_REPLACE_REF_BASE
GIT_PREFIX
GIT_INTERNAL_SUPER_PREFIX
GIT_SHALLOW_FILE
GIT_COMMON_DIR

git rev-parse –git-common-dir

如果GIT_COMMON_DIR变量定义了则展示GIT_COMMON_DIR变量的值，不然则展示GIT_DIR变量的值

DH207891+OuyangPeng@DH207891 MINGW32 /d/git test/demo/a/b/c (master)
$ git rev-parse --git-common-dir
a/b/c/.git

git rev-parse –symbolic –branches

显示分支，执行命令 git rev-parse --symbolic --branches

目前只有master一个分支，所以只显示master。

git rev-parse –symbolic –tags

显示里程碑，执行命令 git rev-parse --symbolic --tags

DH207891+OuyangPeng@DH207891 MINGW32 /d/git test/demo/a/b/c (master)
$ git rev-parse --symbolic --tags

目前还未建立TAG，所以没有值显示。

git rev-parse HEAD

显示HEAD提交的SHA1值，执行命令git rev-parse HEAD，如下所示，先执行git log命令查看提交记录，再执行命令git rev-parse HEAD

DH207891+OuyangPeng@DH207891 MINGW32 /d/git test/demo/a/b/c (master)
$ git log
commit 89c9fa626e7d56c686e904ba34b8e21e9aaf43d8
Author: ouyangpeng <oypcz@foxmail.com>
Date:   Tue Jun 13 08:46:17 2017 +0800

    Initialized

DH207891+OuyangPeng@DH207891 MINGW32 /d/git test/demo/a/b/c (master)
$ git rev-parse HEAD
89c9fa626e7d56c686e904ba34b8e21e9aaf43d8

git rev-parse –help

git rev-parse命令还有很多种用法，大家可以使用git rev-parse --help命令打开帮助文档，

或者打开 在线文档 https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git-rev-parse.html

参考链接

https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git-rev-parse.html
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E56344_01/html/E54075/git-rev-parse-1.html
http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-27714502-id-3435772.html
http://blog.csdn.net/agul_/article/details/7842885

作者：欧阳鹏 欢迎转载，与人分享是进步的源泉！
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