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    如何利用Ajax实现地区三级联动详解

    作者:小的不才儿 时间:2021-08-16 17:45

    前言:

    利用Ajax来实现一个地区的三级联动,用Java代码来读json文件,先eclipse做一个简单的,最基础的。(json我用的jackson来解析,也可用fastjson-阿里巴巴的等还有很多)提供代码,思路之类的,注释也没有自己去想去琢磨出来的思路好

    first:首先先要熟悉json文件,并要想好利用什么类型去解析,这是最难的,最好找一个没人的地方戴上耳机(对于初学)我是用maven来做的用到的jar坐标 :

    <dependency>
    			<groupId>redis.clients</groupId>
    			<artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
    			<version>2.9.0</version>
    			<scope>compile</scope>
    		</dependency>
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
    			<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
    			<version>3.1.0</version>
    			<scope>provided</scope>
    		</dependency>
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
    			<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
    			<version>2.11.2</version>
    		</dependency>
    

    文件位置:

    second:首先创建一个html文件 three.html

    加了一个字体居中和大小的样式以至于不会太难看,太原生

    首先来实现–省--的局部刷新,利用Ajax

    <script type="text/javascript">
    	$(function(){
    		$.post("province",function(data){
    			$.each(data,function(){
    				$("#province").append("<option value="+this.code+">"+this.name+"</option>");
    			})
    		},"json")
    	})
    </script>
    

    然后来写对应的ProvinceController.class的代码(主要是逻辑,为什么我要用List<Map<String,Object>>类型)

    package com.daben.controller;
    
    import java.io.FileInputStream;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.Iterator;
    import java.util.List;
    import java.util.Map;
    
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.type.TypeReference;
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
    
    @WebServlet("/province")
    public class ProvinceController extends HttpServlet{
    
    	private static final long serialVersionUID = -6513954606070061277L;
    
    	@Override
    	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
    		this.doPost(req, resp);
    	}
    
    	@Override
    	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
    		resp.setContentType("appliaction/json;charset=utf-8");//可加可不加,json可在前端标注也可在后端 看自己习惯 我前后都加了
    		ObjectMapper om = new ObjectMapper(); //jackson核心类
    		String path = req.getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/classes/city_code.json");//利用servletContext(也有叫appliaction)来拿到文件的真实路径,也可以利用加载器拿都一样
    		FileInputStream fi = new FileInputStream(path);//流
    		List<Map<String, Object>> province = om.readValue(fi, new TypeReference<List<Map<String,Object>>>() {});//jackson解析的方法,为什么是这个方法,百度学的 利用TypeReference可解析你想要得到的类型
    		List<Map<String,Object>> list = new ArrayList<>();
    		Iterator<Map<String, Object>> iterator = province.iterator();//我用的迭代器遍历的 foreach等 也可以 
    		while(iterator.hasNext()) {
    			Map<String, Object> map2 = iterator.next();
    			map2.remove("city");//可写也可不写
    			list.add(map2);
    		}
    		om.writeValue(resp.getWriter(), list);
    	}
    	
    }
    
    

    在three.html添加改变事件

    代码比较简单,就是跟简单的清空 赋值 取值

    $("#province").on("change", function(){
    			let code = $(this).find(":selected").val();
    			$.post("city",{"code":code}, function(data){
    				$("#city").empty();
    				$("#city").append("<option>---市---</option>");
    				$.each(data, function(){
    					$("#city").append("<option value="+this.code+">"+this.name+"</option>");
    				})
    			},"json");
    		});
    

    再写对应的CityController.class(代码类似)我为什么还会强转List<Map<String,Object>>类型

    package com.daben.controller;
    
    import java.io.FileInputStream;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.Iterator;
    import java.util.List;
    import java.util.Map;
    
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.type.TypeReference;
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
    @WebServlet("/city")
    public class CityController extends HttpServlet{
    
    	private static final long serialVersionUID = -6513954606070061277L;
    
    	@Override
    	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
    		this.doPost(req, resp);
    	}
    
    	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    	@Override
    	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
    		resp.setContentType("appliaction/json;charset=utf-8");
    		String code = req.getParameter("code");
    		req.getSession().setAttribute("cityCode", code);
    		ObjectMapper om = new ObjectMapper();
    		String path = req.getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/classes/city_code.json");
    		FileInputStream fi = new FileInputStream(path);
    		List<Map<String, Object>> province = om.readValue(fi, new TypeReference<List<Map<String,Object>>>() {});
    		List<Map<String,Object>> list = new ArrayList<>();
    		Iterator<Map<String, Object>> iterator = province.iterator();
    		while(iterator.hasNext()) {
    			Map<String, Object> map2 = iterator.next();
    			if(map2.get("code").equals(code)) {
    				map2.remove("code");
    				map2.remove("name");
    				list=(List<Map<String,Object>>) map2.get("city");
    				break;
    			}
    			
    		}
    		List<Map<String,Object>> list1 = new ArrayList<>();
    		Iterator<Map<String,Object>> iterator2 = list.iterator();
    		while(iterator2.hasNext()) {
    			Map<String,Object> next = iterator2.next();
    			next.remove("area");
    			list1.add(next);
    			
    		}
    		om.writeValue(resp.getWriter(), list1);
    	}
    	
    }
    
    

    不懂的话,可以先看一看city_code.json文件,多想一想

    继续来three.html

    $("#city").on("change", function(){
    			let code = $(this).find(":selected").val();
    			$.post("village",{"code":code}, function(data){
    				$("#village").empty();
    				$("#village").append("<option>---县---</option>");
    				$.each(data, function(){
    					$("#village").append("<option value="+this.code+">"+this.name+"</option>");
    				})
    			},"json");
    

    代码雷同以至于VillageController.class也是雷同,加了一些判断而已多了一个循环,

    package com.daben.controller;
    import java.io.FileInputStream;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.Iterator;
    import java.util.List;
    import java.util.Map;
    
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.type.TypeReference;
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
    @WebServlet("/village")
    public class VillageController extends HttpServlet{
    
    	private static final long serialVersionUID = -6513954606070061277L;
    
    	@Override
    	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
    		this.doPost(req, resp);
    	}
    
    	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    	@Override
    	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
    		resp.setContentType("appliaction/json;charset=utf-8");
    		String code = req.getParameter("code");
    		String cityCode = (String)req.getSession().getAttribute("cityCode");
    		ObjectMapper om = new ObjectMapper();
    		String path = req.getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/classes/city_code.json");
    		FileInputStream fi = new FileInputStream(path);
    		List<Map<String, Object>> province = om.readValue(fi, new TypeReference<List<Map<String,Object>>>() {});
    		List<Map<String,Object>> list = new ArrayList<>();
    		Iterator<Map<String, Object>> iterator = province.iterator();
    		while(iterator.hasNext()) {
    			Map<String, Object> map2 = iterator.next();
    			if(map2.get("code").equals(cityCode)) {
    				map2.remove("code");
    				map2.remove("name");
    				list=(List<Map<String,Object>>) map2.get("city");
    				break;
    			}
    			
    		}
    		List<Map<String,Object>> list1 = new ArrayList<>();
    		Iterator<Map<String,Object>> iterator2 = list.iterator();
    		while(iterator2.hasNext()) {
    			Map<String,Object> next = iterator2.next();
    				if(next.get("code").equals(code)) {
    					next.remove("code");
    					next.remove("name");
    					list1 = (List<Map<String,Object>>)next.get("area");
    				}
    		}
    		om.writeValue(resp.getWriter(), list1);
    		
    	}
    	
    }
    
    

    完结:只提供了代码,但是为什么这样何不自己去想一想?

    json地区文件下载:

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    思考?可不可以用xml文件来代替json文件?将jackson换成jsoup来解析?

    jsjbwy
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