import cv2
from skimage import morphology
import numpy as np


img = cv2.imread('3.jpg',0)
_,binary = cv2.threshold(img,200,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV)
cv2.imwrite("binary.png",binary)

binary[binary==255] = 1
skeleton0 = morphology.skeletonize(binary)
skeleton = skeleton0.astype(np.uint8)*255
cv2.imwrite("skeleton.png",skeleton)

plt.imshow(skeleton, cmap=plt.cm.gray)
plt.show()

方法2：

from skimage import io
from skimage import morphology,data,color

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
img=io.imread('3.jpg')

io.imshow(img)

image=color.rgb2gray(img)
image=1-image
skeleton =morphology.skeletonize(image)
plt.imshow(skeleton, cmap=plt.cm.gray)

plt.show()