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开发环境
windows 10
python3.6
开发工具
pycharm
库
tkinter、jsonpath、lxml、random、os、xlrd
1.百度搜索豆瓣打开豆瓣电影，下面是我们要爬取的地址
start_url = https://movie.douban.com/explore#!type=movie&tag=%E7%83%AD%E9%97%A8&sort=time&page_limit=20&page_start=0界面如下
2.在进入网页的时候看到电影数据那里有加载中，确定信息为异步加载，直接右击检查进行抓包，点击Network，点击XHR，如下图所示
3，接下来我们看翻页操作，点击加载更多，查看网址变化
第二页地址https://movie.douban.com/explore#!type=movie&tag=%E7%83%AD%E9%97%A8&sort=time&page_limit=20&page_start=20
第三页地址
https://movie.douban.com/explore#!type=movie&tag=%E7%83%AD%E9%97%A8&sort=time&page_limit=20&page_start=40
规律找到了
最后page_start=一次增长20
同时也发现tag后面是电影的分类，可以通过更改类名获取其他类别的电影信息
4.获取电影的详情页地址
def main(self, user_name, pass_wd):
'''
url 的拼接调用
:return:
'''
for i in range(pass_wd):
try:
start_url = self.start_url.format(user_name, i * 20)
response = session.get(start_url, headers=self.headers).json()
self.respons(response, user_name)
except:
print(f'{user_name}====保存完成正在翻页')
def respons(self, response, user_name):
'''
提取数据
:return:
'''
subjects = response['subjects']
if subjects == []:
a = subjects[6]
else:
'''提取详情页'''
url_list = jsonpath(subjects, '$..url')
for url in url_list:
5.用xpath语法提取需要的数据，并将提取的数据放到列表里
for url in url_list:
list_1 = []
res = session.get(url, headers=self.headers).content.decode()
res = etree.HTML(res)
'''电影名称'''
title = res.xpath('//h1/span/text()')[0]
list_1.append(title)
'''电影评分'''
pf = res.xpath('//strong/text()')[0]
list_1.append(pf)
dy_list = []
'''导演'''
dy = res.xpath('//div[@id="info"]/span[1]/span[2]/a/text()')
for d in dy:
dy_list.append(d)
# print(dy)
'''编剧'''
bj = res.xpath('//div[@id="info"]/span[2]/span[2]/a/text()')
for b in bj:
pass
# print(bj)
'''主演'''
zy = res.xpath('//span[@class="actor"]/span[@class="attrs"]/a/text()')
# zy = ''.join(zy)
# print(zy)
'''类型'''
lx = res.xpath('//span[@property="v:genre"]/text()')
# print(lx)
'''制片国家'''
zp_list = res.xpath('//div[@id="info"]/text()')
# print(zp_list)
zp = ''.join(zp_list)
zp = zp.replace(' ', '').replace('\n', '')
zp = zp.split('/')
zp = [i for i in zp if i != '']
zp = zp[0]
data = {
'基本详情': [title, pf, dy, bj, zy, lx, zp]
}
6.最后保存到表格，可以作为模板使用
def save_excel(self, data, title, f):
os_path_1 = os.getcwd() + '/数据/'
if not os.path.exists(os_path_1):
os.mkdir(os_path_1)
os_path = os_path_1 + '数据.xls'
if not os.path.exists(os_path):
# 创建新的workbook（其实就是创建新的excel）
workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding='utf-8')
# 创建新的sheet表
worksheet1 = workbook.add_sheet("基本详情", cell_overwrite_ok=True)
borders = xlwt.Borders() # Create Borders
"""定义边框实线"""
borders.left = xlwt.Borders.THIN
borders.right = xlwt.Borders.THIN
borders.top = xlwt.Borders.THIN
borders.bottom = xlwt.Borders.THIN
borders.left_colour = 0x40
borders.right_colour = 0x40
borders.top_colour = 0x40
borders.bottom_colour = 0x40
style = xlwt.XFStyle() # Create Style
style.borders = borders # Add Borders to Style
"""居中写入设置"""
al = xlwt.Alignment()
al.horz = 0x02 # 水平居中
al.vert = 0x01 # 垂直居中
style.alignment = al
# 合并 第0行到第0列 的 第0列到第13列
'''基本详情13'''
# worksheet1.write_merge(0, 0, 0, 13, '基本详情', style)
excel_data_1 = ('电影名称', '电影评分', '导演', '编剧', '主演', '类型', '制片国家')
for i in range(0, len(excel_data_1)):
worksheet1.col(i).width = 2560 * 3
# 行，列， 内容， 样式
worksheet1.write(0, i, excel_data_1[i], style)
workbook.save(os_path)
# 判断工作表是否存在
if os.path.exists(os_path):
# 打开工作薄
workbook = xlrd.open_workbook(os_path)
# 获取工作薄中所有表的个数
sheets = workbook.sheet_names()
for i in range(len(sheets)):
for name in data.keys():
worksheet = workbook.sheet_by_name(sheets[i])
# 获取工作薄中所有表中的表名与数据名对比
if worksheet.name == name:
# 获取表中已存在的行数
rows_old = worksheet.nrows
# 将xlrd对象拷贝转化为xlwt对象
new_workbook = copy(workbook)
# 获取转化后的工作薄中的第i张表
new_worksheet = new_workbook.get_sheet(i)
for num in range(0, len(data[name])):
new_worksheet.write(rows_old, num, data[name][num])
new_workbook.save(os_path)
print(f'{f}===={title}========保存完成')
# !/usr/bin/nev python
# -*-coding:utf8-*-
USER_AGENT_LIST = ['Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; Hot Lingo 2.0)',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/60.0.3112.90 Safari/537.36',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_4) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/69.0.3451.0 Safari/537.36',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.9; rv:57.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/57.0',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/28.0.1500.71 Safari/537.36',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_3) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.2999.0 Safari/537.36',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/53.0.2785.70 Safari/537.36',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10.4; en-US; rv:1.9.2.2) Gecko/20100316 Firefox/3.6.2',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/44.0.2403.155 Safari/537.36 OPR/31.0.1889.174',
'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; MS-RTC LM 8; InfoPath.2; Tablet PC 2.0)',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/48.0.2564.116 Safari/537.36 TheWorld 7',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_3) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/75.0.3770.100 Safari/537.36',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/68.0.3440.106 Safari/537.36 OPR/55.0.2994.61',
'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; MATP; InfoPath.2; .NET4.0C; CIBA; Maxthon 2.0)',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/14.0.814.0 Safari/535.1',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; PPC Mac OS X; ja-jp) AppleWebKit/418.9.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Safari/419.3',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/43.0.2357.134 Safari/537.36',
'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/6.0; Touch; MASMJS)',
