这篇文章主要介绍了Python hmac模块使用实例解析,文中通过示例代码介绍的非常详细，对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值,需要的朋友可以参考下

hmac模块的作用：

用于验证信息的完整性。

1、hmac消息签名(默认使用MD5加算法)

hmac_md5.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import hmac
#默认使用是md5算法
digest_maker = hmac.new('secret-shared-key'.encode('utf-8'))
with open('content.txt', 'rb') as f:
  while True:
    block = f.read(1024)
    if not block:
      break
    digest_maker.update(block)
digest = digest_maker.hexdigest()
print(digest)

content.txt

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Donec
egestas, enim et consectetuer ullamcorper, lectus ligula rutrum leo, a
elementum elit tortor eu quam. Duis tincidunt nisi ut ante. Nulla
facilisi. Sed tristique eros eu libero. Pellentesque vel arcu. Vivamus
purus orci, iaculis ac, suscipit sit amet, pulvinar eu,
lacus. Praesent placerat tortor sed nisl. Nunc blandit diam egestas
dui. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et
malesuada fames ac turpis egestas. Aliquam viverra fringilla
leo. Nulla feugiat augue eleifend nulla. Vivamus mauris. Vivamus sed
mauris in nibh placerat egestas. Suspendisse potenti. Mauris massa. Ut
eget velit auctor tortor blandit sollicitudin. Suspendisse imperdiet
justo.

运行效果

[root@ mnt]# python3 hmac_md5.py 
79cbf5942e8f67be558bc28610c02117

2、hmac消息签名摘要(使用SHA1加算法)

hmac_sha1.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import hmac

digest_maker = hmac.new('secret-shared-key'.encode('utf-8'), b'', digestmod='sha1')
# hmac.new(key,msg,digestmod)
# key:加盐的key,
# msg:加密的内容，
# digestmod：加密的方式

with open('hmac_sha1.py', 'rb') as f:
  while True:
    block = f.read(1024)
    if not block:
      break
    digest_maker.update(block)
digest = digest_maker.hexdigest()
print(digest)

运行效果

[root@ mnt]# python3 hmac_sha1.py 
e5c012eac5fa76a274f77ee678e6cc98cad8fff9

3、hmac二进制消息签名摘要(使用SHA1加算法)

hmac_base64.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import hmac
import base64
import hashlib

with open('test.py', 'rb') as f:
  body = f.read()

# 默认使用是md5算法
digest_maker = hmac.new('secret-shared-key'.encode('utf-8'), body, hashlib.sha1)
# hmac.new(key,msg,digestmod)
# key:加盐的key,
# msg:加密的内容，
# digestmod：加密的方式

digest = digest_maker.digest() # 默认内容是字节类型，所以需要base64
print(base64.encodebytes(digest)) #注意base64结果是以\n结束，所以Http头部或其它传输时，需要去除\n

运行效果

[root@ mnt]# python3 hmac_base64.py 
b'Y9a4OMRqU4DB6Ks/hGfru+MNXAw=\n'

4、hmac摘要数据比较示例

hmac_pickle.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import hashlib
import hmac
import io
import pickle

def make_digest(message):
  "返消息摘要，加密码后的结果"
  hash = hmac.new(
    'secret-shared-key'.encode('utf-8'),
    message,
    hashlib.sha1
  )
  return hash.hexdigest().encode('utf-8')

class SimpleObject(object):
  def __init__(self, name):
    self.name = name

  def __str__(self):
    return self.name

# 输出缓冲区
out_s = io.BytesIO()
o = SimpleObject('digest matches')
pickle_data = pickle.dumps(o) # 序列化
digest = make_digest(pickle_data) # 使用sha1加密算法
header = b'%s  %d\n' % (digest, len(pickle_data))
print('提示：{}'.format(header))
out_s.write(header) # 将消息头写入缓冲区
out_s.write(pickle_data) # 将序列化内容写入缓冲区

o = SimpleObject('digest does not matches')
pickle_data = pickle.dumps(o)
digest = make_digest(b'not the pickled data at all')
header = b'%s  %d\n' % (digest, len(pickle_data))
print('提示：{}'.format(header))
out_s.write(header) # 将消息头写入缓冲区
out_s.write(pickle_data) # 将序列化内容写入缓冲区
out_s.flush() # 刷新缓冲区

# 输入缓冲区
in_s = io.BytesIO(out_s.getvalue())

while True:
  first_line = in_s.readline()
  if not first_line:
    break
  incoming_digest, incoming_length = first_line.split(b'  ')
  incoming_length = int(incoming_length.decode('utf-8'))
  print('读取到：', incoming_digest, incoming_length)

  incoming_pickled_data = in_s.read(incoming_length)

  actual_digest = make_digest(incoming_pickled_data) # 实际的摘要
  print('实际值:', actual_digest)

  if hmac.compare_digest(actual_digest, incoming_digest): # 比较两个摘要是否相等
    obj = pickle.loads(incoming_pickled_data)
    print('OK:', obj)
  else:
    print('数据不完整')