迷宫生成

1.随机PRIM

思路：先让迷宫中全都是墙，不断从列表（最初只含有一个启始单元格）中选取一个单元格标记为通路，将其周围（上下左右）未访问过的单元格放入列表并标记为已访问，再随机选取该单元格与周围通路单元格（若有的话）之间的一面墙打通。重复以上步骤直到列表为空，迷宫生成完毕。这种方式生成的迷宫难度高，岔口多。

效果：

代码：

import random
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt


def build_twist(num_rows, num_cols): # 扭曲迷宫
	# (行坐标，列坐标，四面墙的有无&访问标记)
 m = np.zeros((num_rows, num_cols, 5), dtype=np.uint8)
 r, c = 0, 0
 trace = [(r, c)]
 while trace:
  r, c = random.choice(trace)
  m[r, c, 4] = 1	# 标记为通路
  trace.remove((r, c))
  check = []
  if c > 0:
   if m[r, c - 1, 4] == 1:
    check.append('L')
   elif m[r, c - 1, 4] == 0:
    trace.append((r, c - 1))
    m[r, c - 1, 4] = 2	# 标记为已访问
  if r > 0:
   if m[r - 1, c, 4] == 1:
    check.append('U')
   elif m[r - 1, c, 4] == 0:
    trace.append((r - 1, c))
    m[r - 1, c, 4] = 2
  if c < num_cols - 1:
   if m[r, c + 1, 4] == 1:
    check.append('R')
   elif m[r, c + 1, 4] == 0:
    trace.append((r, c + 1))
    m[r, c + 1, 4] = 2
  if r < num_rows - 1:
   if m[r + 1, c, 4] == 1:
    check.append('D')
   elif m[r + 1, c, 4] == 0:
    trace.append((r + 1, c))
    m[r + 1, c, 4] = 2
  if len(check):
   direction = random.choice(check)
   if direction == 'L':	# 打通一面墙
    m[r, c, 0] = 1
    c = c - 1
    m[r, c, 2] = 1
   if direction == 'U':
    m[r, c, 1] = 1
    r = r - 1
    m[r, c, 3] = 1
   if direction == 'R':
    m[r, c, 2] = 1
    c = c + 1
    m[r, c, 0] = 1
   if direction == 'D':
    m[r, c, 3] = 1
    r = r + 1
    m[r, c, 1] = 1
 m[0, 0, 0] = 1
 m[num_rows - 1, num_cols - 1, 2] = 1
 return m

2.深度优先

思路：从起点开始随机游走并在前进方向两侧建立墙壁，标记走过的单元格，当无路可走（周围无未访问过的单元格）时重复返回上一个格子直到有新的未访问单元格可走。最终所有单元格都被访问过后迷宫生成完毕。这种方式生成的迷宫较为简单，由一条明显但是曲折的主路径和不多的分支路径组成。

效果：

代码：

def build_tortuous(num_rows, num_cols): # 曲折迷宫
 m = np.zeros((num_rows, num_cols, 5), dtype=np.uint8)
 r = 0
 c = 0
 trace = [(r, c)]
 while trace:
  m[r, c, 4] = 1	# 标记为已访问
  check = []
  if c > 0 and m[r, c - 1, 4] == 0:
   check.append('L')
  if r > 0 and m[r - 1, c, 4] == 0:
   check.append('U')
  if c < num_cols - 1 and m[r, c + 1, 4] == 0:
   check.append('R')
  if r < num_rows - 1 and m[r + 1, c, 4] == 0:
   check.append('D')
  if len(check):
   trace.append([r, c])
   direction = random.choice(check)
   if direction == 'L':
    m[r, c, 0] = 1
    c = c - 1
    m[r, c, 2] = 1
   if direction == 'U':
    m[r, c, 1] = 1
    r = r - 1
    m[r, c, 3] = 1
   if direction == 'R':
    m[r, c, 2] = 1
    c = c + 1
    m[r, c, 0] = 1
   if direction == 'D':
    m[r, c, 3] = 1
    r = r + 1
    m[r, c, 1] = 1
  else:
   r, c = trace.pop()
 m[0, 0, 0] = 1
 m[num_rows - 1, num_cols - 1, 2] = 1
 return m