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Linux Systemctl是一个系统管理守护进程、工具和库的集合,用于取代System V、service和chkconfig命令,初始进程主要负责控制systemd系统和服务管理器。通过Systemctl –help可以看到该命令主要分为:查询或发送控制命令给systemd服务,管理单元服务的命令,服务文件的相关命令,任务、环境、快照相关命令,systemd服务的配置重载,系统开机关机相关的命令。
1. 列出所有可用单元
# systemctl list-unit-files
2. 列出所有运行中单元
# systemctl list-units
3. 列出所有失败单元
# systemctl –failed
4. 检查某个单元(如 crond.service)是否启用
# systemctl is-enabled crond.service
5. 列出所有服务
# systemctl list-unit-files –type=service
6. Linux中如何启动、重启、停止、重载服务以及检查服务(如 httpd.service)状态
# systemctl start httpd.service # systemctl restart httpd.service # systemctl stop httpd.service # systemctl reload httpd.service # systemctl status httpd.service
注意:当我们使用systemctl的start,restart,stop和reload命令时,终端不会输出任何内容,只有status命令可以打印输出。
7. 如何激活服务并在开机时启用或禁用服务(即系统启动时自动启动mysql.service服务)
# systemctl is-active mysql.service # systemctl enable mysql.service # systemctl disable mysql.service
8. 如何屏蔽(让它不能启动)或显示服务(如ntpdate.service)
# systemctl mask ntpdate.service ln -s ‘/dev/null”/etc/systemd/system/ntpdate.service' # systemctl unmask ntpdate.service rm ‘/etc/systemd/system/ntpdate.service'
9. 使用systemctl命令杀死服务
# systemctl kill crond
10. 列出所有系统挂载点
# systemctl list-unit-files –type=mount
11. 挂载、卸载、重新挂载、重载系统挂载点并检查系统中挂载点状态
# systemctl start tmp.mount # systemctl stop tmp.mount # systemctl restart tmp.mount # systemctl reload tmp.mount # systemctl status tmp.mount
12. 在启动时激活、启用或禁用挂载点(系统启动时自动挂载)
# systemctl is-active tmp.mount # systemctl enable tmp.mount # systemctl disable tmp.mount
13. 在Linux中屏蔽(让它不能启用)或可见挂载点
# systemctl mask tmp.mount ln -s ‘/dev/null”/etc/systemd/system/tmp.mount' # systemctl unmask tmp.mount rm ‘/etc/systemd/system/tmp.mount'
14. 列出所有可用系统套接口
# systemctl list-unit-files –type=socket
15. 检查某个服务的所有配置细节